Construct · 3 fields · 3 citations

Where does bitterness collide?

One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.

● jingle · one word, three constructs Nearest construct by meaning·not indexed
bitterness3 CONSTRUCTSHop bitternessBRIGGS · HOP ACIDSBitter tasteCHANDRASHEKAR · TASTEEmbittermentLINDEN · EMBITTERMENT

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2003Embitterment2004Hop bitterness2006Bitter taste
2026

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Brewing

Hop-derived bitter intensity measured as IBU

In brewing, bitterness is the sensory and analytical property contributed mainly by iso-alpha-acids formed when hop alpha-acids isomerize during the wort boil, quantified by the International Bitterness Unit (IBU), a spectrophotometric measure of bitter-substance concentration. Briggs and colleagues' Brewing: Science and practice covers hop chemistry and the measurement and control of beer bitterness. The referent here is a defined chemical-concentration measure tied to a product spec, distinct from the general taste quality and from an emotional state.[1]

Unit
The concentration of bitter hop compounds in beer (IBU)
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Measured as International Bitterness Units by spectrophotometric assay of iso-alpha-acids

Sensory neuroscience

One of the basic taste qualities, a warning signal

In taste physiology, bitterness is one of the basic taste qualities, detected by a family of T2R (TAS2R) G-protein-coupled receptors on taste-receptor cells that respond to many structurally diverse compounds; it is widely interpreted as a protective signal against potential toxins. Chandrashekar and colleagues review the receptors and cells that encode mammalian taste, including bitter. The referent is a perceptual-neural quality and its receptor machinery, related to but not identical with a brewer's IBU measure, and wholly unlike emotional bitterness.[2]

Unit
The perceived intensity of a bitter-tasting stimulus
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Assessed by psychophysical intensity ratings and T2R receptor-response assays

Clinical psychology

Persistent embitterment after perceived injustice

In clinical psychology, bitterness (embitterment) is a prolonged emotional reaction of resentment, injustice, and helplessness following an experience felt as deeply unfair; Linden described posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) as a reactive condition in which such feelings persist and impair functioning. The referent is an emotional-clinical state assessed by self-report and clinical interview, sharing only the word with a taste quality or a hop-acid concentration.[3]

Unit
The degree and persistence of embittered emotional response to perceived injustice
Recovery means
Embitterment can resolve with time or targeted therapy, though in PTED it persists without intervention
Measured by
Assessed by embitterment self-report scales and clinical interview

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Nearby collisions

taste4 fields · 6 citationsjingle · one word, four constructsconcentration4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructscondition2 fields · 2 citationsjingle · one word, two constructs

References

  1. Briggs, D. E. G., Boulton, C. A., Brookes, P. A., & Stevens, R. (2004). Brewing: Science and practice. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 9781855734906
  2. Chandrashekar, J., Hoon, M. A., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2006). The receptors and cells for mammalian taste. Nature, 444(7117), 288–294. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05401
  3. Linden, M. (2003). Posttraumatic embitterment disorder. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1159/000070783

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