Construct · 1 fields · 1 citations

psychosocial costs of racism to Whites: a standalone construct

One name. One construct. A landmark on the map.

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psychosocial costsof racism to Whites1 CONSTRUCTPsychosocial costs ofSPANIERMAN · COUNSELING

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Counseling psychology

the emotional costs racism carries for White people, measured as White empathic reactions, White guilt and White fear.

In counseling psychology, psychosocial costs of racism to Whites refers to the emotional costs racism carries for White people, measured as White empathic reactions, White guilt and White fear. This meaning comes from Spanierman (2004) in Journal of Counseling Psychology.[1]

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white guilt1 fields · 1 citationsanchor · a standalone construct

References

  1. Spanierman, L. B., & Heppner, M. J. (2004). Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites Scale (PCRW): Construction and Initial Validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(2), 249-262. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.2.249

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