Construct · 1 fields · 3 citations

Curie point: a standalone construct

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Curie point1 CONSTRUCTCurie pointCURIE · CRITICAL TEMP

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Physics and materials science

The temperature above which a ferromagnet loses its permanent magnetization

Pierre Curie, in his 1895 doctoral thesis on the magnetic properties of matter at various temperatures, established that a ferromagnetic material (one that holds a permanent magnetization, like iron or a bar magnet) loses that permanent magnetization when heated above a specific temperature, and above it behaves instead like a weakly magnetic paramagnet. Pierre Weiss gave this threshold its theoretical footing in 1907 with his molecular field theory, which modeled the internal field that aligns atomic magnetic moments and predicted the temperature at which thermal agitation overwhelms that alignment, the point now named for Curie. Below the Curie point the material's magnetic moments settle into ordered alignment and it can be permanently magnetized; above it the ordering collapses and only an applied field induces a faint, temporary magnetization. The construct fixes a single measurable temperature that marks the boundary between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states of a given material, for example about 770 degrees Celsius for iron, and it is a defining constant in the study of magnetism, phase transitions, and materials such as permanent magnets and magnetic storage media. The unrelated unit called the curie, a measure of radioactivity honoring the Curie family, shares the name but is a separate quantity and is not treated here.[1][2][3]

Unit
A material-specific temperature (in kelvin or degrees Celsius) marking the ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Determined experimentally from the temperature at which spontaneous magnetization vanishes, typically located as the peak in magnetic susceptibility or as the inflection in magnetization-versus-temperature curves

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Nearby constructs

temperature4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructshysteresis4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructsspin4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructs

References

  1. Curie, P. (1895). Propriétés magnétiques des corps à diverses températures. Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 5, 289–405.
  2. Weiss, P. (1907). L'hypothèse du champ moléculaire et la propriété ferromagnétique. Journal de Physique Théorique et Appliquée, 6(1), 661–690. https://doi.org/10.1051/jphystap:019070060066100
  3. Kittel, C. (2005). Introduction to solid state physics (8th ed.). Wiley.

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