Where does gouge collide?

In structural geology, fault gouge is the fine, clay-rich crushed rock produced along a fault as the walls grind past each other, the end product of cataclasis (the fracturing and milling of grains during slip). Engelder's 1974 Cataclasis and the generation of fault gouge linked the accumulation of gouge to displacement and wear along the fault surface. The referent is a crushed-rock material whose thickness and composition record fault movement, and it shares only its name with a cutting process or an unfair price.[1]

Unit

The volume and grain size of crushed material generated along a fault

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Characterised by gouge-zone thickness, grain-size reduction, and clay content as functions of fault displacement

In economics and business ethics, price gouging is raising prices steeply for essential goods during an emergency, when buyers are least able to shop around; it is widely condemned as exploitative yet defended by some as a signal that speeds supply to where it is scarcest. Zwolinski's 2008 The ethics of price gouging lays out and challenges the moral case against the practice. The referent is a pricing behaviour evaluated on fairness and efficiency grounds, sharing nothing with a weld groove or fault rock but the word.[2]

Unit

The size of a price increase relative to the pre-crisis baseline

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Gauged by price markups during emergencies, often against statutory or reference-price thresholds