Construct · 1 fields · 3 citations

cladistics: a standalone construct

One name. One construct. A landmark on the map.

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cladistics1 CONSTRUCTCladisticsHENNIG · SHARED ANCESTRY

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Evolutionary biology (systematics)

Classifying organisms by shared ancestry and derived traits

Willi Hennig's 1950 Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik, expanded in the 1966 English edition Phylogenetic Systematics, founded cladistics: a method of classifying organisms strictly by their order of evolutionary branching rather than by overall similarity. The approach groups species using shared derived characteristics, called synapomorphies, meaning features inherited from a recent common ancestor and changed from an older ancestral state, and it treats a merely ancestral trait shared by many lineages as no evidence of close kinship. On this basis cladistics recognises only monophyletic groups, called clades, each of which contains an ancestor together with all of its descendants, and it rejects groupings that leave some descendants out. The results are drawn as a cladogram, a branching diagram whose forks show the order in which lineages split. What makes cladistics a landmark is that it replaced classification by degree of resemblance with classification by genealogy, giving systematics an explicit and testable rule for what counts as a natural group.[1][2][3]

Unit
A method of biological classification and the branching trees (cladograms) it produces
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Groups are inferred by parsimony or model-based analysis of morphological or molecular character data, selecting the cladogram that best fits the pattern of shared derived traits

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Nearby constructs

species4 fields · 8 citationsjingle · one word, four constructstaxonomy4 fields · 6 citationsjingle · one word, four constructshomology4 fields · 8 citationsjingle · one word, four constructs

References

  1. Hennig, W. (1950). Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik. Deutscher Zentralverlag.
  2. Hennig, W. (1966). Phylogenetic systematics (D. D. Davis & R. Zangerl, Trans.). University of Illinois Press.
  3. Hennig, W. (1965). Phylogenetic systematics. Annual Review of Entomology, 10, 97–116. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.10.010165.000525

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