Where does code-switching collide?

In sociolinguistics, code-switching is the alternation between two or more languages or language varieties within a single conversation, or even a single sentence, by speakers fluent in both, who switch codes according to topic, interlocutor, or identity. Poplack's typology showed that such switching is not random or deficient but grammatically systematic, occurring only at points where the two grammars are compatible. The referent is rule-governed alternation between linguistic codes in bilingual speech, studied through where and why switches occur, distinct from the behavioral self-presentation meaning the term later acquired.[1]

Unit

Points of alternation between two languages or varieties in connected speech

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Analysed by where switches occur relative to the two grammars and the social factors that condition them

In organizational and cross-cultural research, code-switching is the purposeful adaptation of one's own behavior (manners, gestures, directness, style) to fit the norms of a different cultural setting, as when a person shifts how they present themselves to match a foreign business context. Molinsky's Cross-cultural code-switching analyzes the psychological effort and identity strain of making these adjustments well. The referent is strategic behavioral adaptation across cultural settings, measured by the difficulty and authenticity of the shift, a different construct from the bilingual language alternation that gave the term its name.[2]

Unit

An act of adapting one's behavior to fit a different cultural setting

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Assessed by the psychological difficulty, appropriateness, and authenticity of the behavioral adjustment