Construct · 4 fields · 7 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, four constructs Nearest construct by meaningswitchcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to shift is switch.
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A systematic, regular change in the pronunciation of a language's speech sounds over time, in which a whole class of sounds moves in the same direction. Jacob Grimm's 1822 Deutsche Grammatik described the first such regularity, the Germanic consonant shift later called Grimm's Law, in which inherited stops moved step by step; Otto Jespersen's 1909 A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles named the Great Vowel Shift that reorganised English long vowels. Here the referent is a historical movement of sound patterns across a speech community, tracked across centuries, not a change in an observed frequency, a mental switch between tasks, or a step taken by a parser.[1][2]
A change in the observed frequency or wavelength of a wave caused by relative motion between the source and the observer, so that an approaching source appears higher and a receding one lower. Christian Doppler's 1842 Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne first predicted this effect for the light of stars; Edwin Hubble's 1929 A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae used the redshift of distant galaxies to show that the universe is expanding. The referent is a measurable displacement of a wave's frequency, read from a spectrum or a detector, and it has nothing to do with a change in how a language is pronounced, a switch of mental task, or an action in a parsing algorithm.[3][4]
The mental operation of disengaging from one task or rule and reconfiguring to another, a core part of what lets people flexibly change what they are doing. Arthur Jersild's 1927 monograph Mental Set and Shift first measured the time cost of switching between alternating tasks; Akira Miyake and colleagues' 2000 study The unity and diversity of executive functions established shifting as one of three separable executive functions alongside updating and inhibition. The referent is an internal act of cognitive reconfiguration, timed by the delay it adds to a response, and it is distinct from a change in speech sounds, a Doppler change in a wave, or a move made by a parser.[5][6]
In bottom-up parsing, the action of reading the next input symbol and pushing it onto the parser's stack, as opposed to reducing symbols already on the stack into a grammar rule. Donald Knuth's 1965 On the translation of languages from left to right formalised the LR parsing method in which each step is either a shift or a reduce, and a parsing table decides which action to take. The referent is a discrete step in an algorithm that moves a token from the input to a working stack, and it bears no relation to a change in pronunciation, a displacement of a wave's frequency, or a switch between mental tasks.[7]
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