Where does taxis collide?

In biology, a taxis is a directed locomotory response in which a freely moving organism orients and travels along a stimulus gradient (toward or away from light, chemicals, gravity, or temperature), as in phototaxis or chemotaxis. Fraenkel and Gunn's The orientation of animals: Kineses, taxes and compass reactions drew the defining line between a taxis, which is oriented with respect to the stimulus direction, and a kinesis, which is an undirected change in speed or turning rate. The referent is goal-oriented movement relative to a gradient, measured by the accuracy and sign of orientation, distinct from a surgeon's manoeuvre or a grammatical relation despite sharing the root of "arrangement".[1]

Unit

The direction and precision of movement relative to a stimulus gradient

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Quantified by orientation angle, the sign of the response, and the proportion of a population moving up or down the gradient

In linguistics, taxis is the grammatical system of interdependency between linked clauses: parataxis joins clauses of equal status side by side, while hypotaxis subordinates one clause as dependent on another, and intermediate degrees fall between them. Bertinetto and Ciucci's 2012 Parataxis, hypotaxis and para-hypotaxis in the Zamucoan languages analyses these clause-linking relations and the gradient between coordination and subordination. The referent is the structural ordering and ranking of clauses in discourse, described by its linkage type, and it is a wholly different construct from a surgeon's reduction or an animal's directed movement, sharing only the Greek meaning of ordering.[2]

Unit

The type and degree of interdependency between linked clauses (paratactic vs hypotactic)

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Analysed by the grammatical markers and status relations that signal coordination, subordination, or intermediate linkage