Where does subordination collide?

In syntax, subordination is the grammatical relation in which one clause is embedded within and dependent on another (a complement, relative, or adverbial clause) rather than joined to it as an equal by coordination. Cristofaro's Subordination recasts the notion cross-linguistically in terms of the asymmetric dependence between states of affairs. The referent is a dependency relation between clauses in sentence structure, distinct from the ranking of financial claims or a social hierarchy.[1]

Unit

The asymmetric dependence of one clause embedded within another

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Diagnosed by finiteness, dependency and embedding tests, clause-linkage markers, and cross-linguistic typology

In behavioral biology, subordination is occupying a low position in a social dominance hierarchy, a status that in many species shapes access to resources and, through chronic stress physiology, bears on health. Sapolsky's 2005 synthesis of social hierarchy and primate health shows how the physiological cost of rank depends on species and social context. The referent is an animal's relative social rank and its biological consequences, unrelated to a debt's repayment priority or a grammatical clause relation.[2]

Unit

An individual's low relative rank within a social dominance hierarchy

Recovery means

Rank can change with social dynamics, and the health cost of subordination depends on species and social context rather than being fixed

Measured by

Established from outcomes of agonistic interactions and dominance rank, alongside stress-hormone and health correlates