Where does wildcat collide?

In industrial relations, a wildcat strike is a work stoppage launched by employees without the authorization of their own union leadership and typically in breach of an existing contract, erupting from shop-floor grievances rather than formal bargaining. Gouldner's Wildcat Strike is the classic case study of how such a stoppage grew from a breakdown of workplace norms. The referent is an unofficial, bottom-up work stoppage studied through the sociology of the workplace, unrelated to an exploratory oil well, a frontier bank, or a football formation beyond the shared meaning of the unsanctioned or untamed.[1]

Unit

An unauthorized, often contract-breaching work stoppage

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Studied by frequency, duration, and participation of unsanctioned stoppages and their workplace triggers

In U.S. economic history, wildcat banking names the risky, loosely regulated note-issuing banks of the pre-Civil-War "free banking" era, caricatured as placing redemption offices in remote spots, where only wildcats roamed, to discourage noteholders from cashing in their currency. Rockoff's 1974 re-examination of the free banking era tests how widespread such practices really were. The referent is a class of weakly backed banks of issue, studied through note discounts and failure rates, sharing only the word "wildcat" with the labor stoppage, the oil well, or the football set.[2]

Unit

The soundness and redemption behavior of free-era note-issuing banks

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Assessed by banknote discounts, bank failure and loss rates, and quality of backing