Construct · 3 fields · 3 citations
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In marine biology, calcification is the biologically controlled deposition of calcium carbonate by which corals, molluscs, and many plankton build the skeletons, shells, and reefs that structure whole ecosystems. Goreau's 1959 The physiology of skeleton formation in corals introduced a method for measuring how fast a coral lays down calcium under different conditions and showed the process is driven by the animal's living tissue rather than by simple precipitation. The referent is a rate of mineral secretion by a living organism, measured by calcium uptake and skeletal growth, and it is a different thing from carbonate slowly building up in a desert soil or mineral hardening a diseased artery.[1]
In soil science, calcification is the accumulation of calcium carbonate in a soil over time, cementing horizons into the hardened layers known as caliche or calcrete that record how long a land surface has been stable in a dry climate. Gile, Peterson, and Grossman's 1966 Morphological and genetic sequences of carbonate accumulation in desert soils laid out the ordered stages by which this carbonate builds up, a sequence still used to date and interpret desert landscapes. The referent is the slow inorganic buildup of carbonate in the ground, read from soil horizons and their morphology, and it has nothing to do with a coral secreting its skeleton or calcium hardening a heart valve.[2]
In cardiovascular medicine, calcification is the pathological deposition of calcium-phosphate mineral in the walls of arteries and in heart valves, which stiffens vessels and raises cardiovascular risk. Demer and Tintut's 2008 Vascular calcification: Pathobiology of a multifaceted disease established that this is not passive scaling but an actively regulated, bone-like process in which vascular cells take on the machinery of mineral formation. The referent is a disease process mineralising a patient's cardiovascular tissue, tracked by imaging and calcium scoring, and it is unrelated to a coral's skeleton or carbonate accumulating in a desert soil, joined to them only by the shared depositing of calcium mineral.[3]
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