Construct · 4 fields · 7 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, four constructs Nearest construct by meaninggroundingcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to ground is grounding.
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In metaphysics, ground is the relation that holds when one fact obtains in virtue of another: the grounded fact is said to hold because of, and to be explained by, what grounds it. Bolzano's 1837 Wissenschaftslehre set out an objective ground-and-consequence relation (his Abfolge) distinct from mere logical implication, and Fine's 2001 The question of realism revived this as the modern study of grounding, that in virtue of which something holds. The referent is a relation of explanatory priority between facts, argued for rather than measured, and it has nothing to do with a background in perception, a shared basis in conversation, or a zero-voltage node in a circuit.[1][2]
In perception, the ground is the background region that a figure appears to stand out against: when a visual scene is organized, one part is seen as a bounded object (the figure) and the rest recedes as formless ground behind it. Rubin's 1915 Synsoplevede figurer first analysed this figure-and-ground division and its reversibility, and Wagemans and colleagues' 2012 review traced a century of work on how the visual system assigns figure and ground. The referent is a perceived surface behind an object, reported by observers viewing a display, and it is not an explanatory relation between facts, a body of shared knowledge, or an electrical reference point.[3][4]
In the study of conversation, common ground is the body of knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions that people mutually take for granted and keep updating as they talk, so that each can interpret the other. Stalnaker's 1978 Assertion introduced common ground as the shared information presupposed by participants in a discourse, and Clark and Brennan's 1991 Grounding in communication described grounding, the moment-by-moment work of adding to that shared basis through acceptance and repair. The referent is mutual knowledge between interlocutors, inferred from what they say and accept, and it differs from a perceptual background, a metaphysical relation, or a circuit's reference node.[5][6]
In electrical engineering, ground (also called earth) is the common conductive reference point of a circuit, assigned zero voltage, against which every other voltage is measured and to which fault current returns. IEEE Standard 142 (2007) sets out grounding practice for power systems and treats the ground as the reference node that bonds equipment to earth for safety and stable operation. The referent is a physical reference node in a circuit, measured in volts and ohms, and it is unrelated to a perceptual background, a shared conversational basis, or a relation of explanatory priority between facts.[7]
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