Construct · 2 fields · 3 citations
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In sociology and anthropology, a caste is a hereditary, endogamous social group fixed in a ranked order, so that a person's status, occupation, and marriage pool are ascribed at birth rather than achieved. Ghurye's Caste and Race in India set out the features scholars treat as diagnostic (segmental division, hierarchy, restrictions on contact and commensality, hereditary occupation, and endogamy), and Dumont's Homo Hierarchicus reframed the whole system around a religious logic of purity and pollution. The referent is a form of rigid social stratification, studied through mobility, intermarriage, and ritual rank, and it has nothing to do with the division of labour inside an insect colony beyond the shared image of a fixed, inherited place.[1][2]
In entomology, a caste is one of the structurally and behaviourally distinct classes of individuals in a eusocial insect colony (queens, workers, soldiers), among which reproduction and labour are divided, with membership usually set during development rather than by heredity alone. Oster and Wilson's Caste and Ecology in the Social Insects treats caste as an optimisation problem, asking how colonies allocate individuals among tasks and morphs to maximise fitness. The referent is a developmentally determined division of labour within a colony, quantified by caste ratios and task allocation, and it borrows only the word, not the meaning, from the human social category of inherited rank.[3]
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