Construct · 3 fields · 4 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
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A solar flare is a sudden, localised release of magnetic energy in the Sun's atmosphere that brightens across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to X-rays, over minutes to hours. Carrington's 1859 Description of a Singular Appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859 reported the first observed event of this kind, a brief brightening in white light later recognised as the first recorded solar flare, and Fletcher and colleagues' 2011 An observational overview of solar flares surveyed how such flares are now measured. The referent is a burst of radiated energy from a star's magnetic field, ranked by its X-ray brightness, and it has nothing in common with reddening skin or scattered light inside a camera beyond the word.[1][2]
In skin physiology the flare is the spreading zone of redness that appears around a scratched, pricked, or irritated patch of skin, produced when sensory nerve endings prompt nearby blood vessels to widen through a local reflex. Lewis's 1927 The blood vessels of the human skin and their responses named this reddening as one part of the triple response of skin, the local red reaction, the surrounding flare, and a raised wheal, and traced the flare to an axon reflex in the sensory nerves. The referent is a physiological reddening of living skin, mapped by the area it covers, and it is unrelated to a burst of energy from the Sun or unwanted light inside a lens.[3]
In an imaging system, flare is the stray, non-image-forming light that scatters and reflects among the lens surfaces and inside the camera before reaching the sensor or film, adding a veil of unwanted light that lowers contrast and can leave bright ghosts or halos. Talvala, Adams, Horowitz, and Levoy's 2007 Veiling glare in high dynamic range imaging measured this scattered light and showed how strongly it limits the darkest tones a camera can record. The referent is misdirected light within an optical instrument, quantified as a fraction of the total light in the image, and it shares nothing with reddening skin or an energy release on the Sun.[4]
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