Where does heave collide?

In geotechnics heave is the upward movement of the ground, most famously frost heave, in which water migrating to a freezing front forms growing ice lenses that lift the soil and anything founded on it. Taber's The mechanics of frost heaving showed that the lifting comes from water drawn to the freezing zone rather than from the expansion of water already in the pores. The referent is a vertical ground movement measured as displacement, unrelated to a ship's rise and fall or the sideways offset of a fault.[1]

Unit

The vertical rise, in millimetres, of the ground surface

Recovery means

Ground often settles back as ice lenses thaw, though not always fully or evenly

Measured by

Measured by surveyed vertical movement of the surface or foundations over time

In naval architecture heave is one of a ship's six rigid-body motions: the vertical bodily rise and fall of the whole hull as waves pass, distinct from pitch and roll which are rotations. Lloyd's Seakeeping: Ship behaviour in rough weather treats heave together with pitch as the vertical-plane motions that govern a vessel's response in a seaway. The referent is an oscillating vertical displacement of a floating body, not a swelling soil or a geological offset.[2]

Unit

The amplitude of the hull's vertical oscillation in a seaway

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Characterised by the heave response amplitude operator against wave frequency

In structural geology heave is the horizontal component of the displacement across a dip-slip fault, paired with the throw, which is the vertical component, so that the two together resolve how far the rocks have moved past one another. Fossen's Structural geology defines heave and throw as the standard way to describe the separation seen on a fault in cross-section. The referent is a static horizontal offset measured on a fault, unrelated to a ship's motion or the lifting of frozen soil.[3]

Unit

The horizontal distance, in metres, that beds are offset across the fault

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Measured on cross-sections as the horizontal separation of a displaced marker bed

In periglacial science, heave refers to frost heave, the rise of the ground surface as ice lenses grow in freezing soil. This meaning comes from Taber (1929) in The Journal of Geology.[4]

Unit

Recovery means

Measured by