Construct · 3 names · 5 citations
Different names. Different fields. One construct. One map.
● jangle · one construct, several individual scales Nearest construct by meaningentrepreneurial orientationcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to intrapreneurship is entrepreneurial orientation.
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The individual-level meaning of intrapreneurship: what a single employee actually does when they behave like an entrepreneur inside their employer's organization. The term traces to Pinchot's 1985 book Intrapreneuring, whose intrapreneur was a person, the employee who pursues new ideas from within instead of leaving to found a company. Gawke, Gorgievski, and Bakker's 2019 Employee Intrapreneurship Scale turned this into a validated individual measure with two behaviours, strategic renewal behaviour and venture behaviour, both reported by the employee about their own conduct. The referent here is one person and their actions, which sets it apart from the firm-level corporate entrepreneurship construct that scores a whole company, and from the personal disposition captured by individual entrepreneurial orientation.[1][5]
A closely related individual-level meaning: intrapreneurship as the innovative, proactive, and risk-taking acts an employee performs on the job. de Jong, Parker, Wennekers, and Wu's 2015 Entrepreneurial behavior in organizations, in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, treated these behaviours as the individual expression of entrepreneurship and asked whether job design encourages them. The construct is anchored to the employee and what they do, measured by self-report, and it overlaps heavily with the Employee Intrapreneurship Scale while carrying a different name. It stands apart from firm-level corporate entrepreneurship, which rates the organization's aggregate posture rather than any one person's behaviour.[2]
The trait meaning: an individual's standing entrepreneurial orientation, treated as a personal disposition rather than a specific act. Bolton and Lane's 2012 Individual entrepreneurial orientation scale, in Education + Training, adapted the firm-level entrepreneurial orientation of Covin and Slevin's 1991 model to the person, measuring innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness as characteristics of the individual. This is the dispositional cousin of the behavioural scales: it names what a person tends to be like, not only what they do, and because it is defined at the person it can describe founders too, not only employees. Studies of individual intrapreneurship often adopt it as the trait basis of the employee's behaviour, which is why it collides with the other individual measures on this page while differing from the firm-level construct that scores the company.[3][4]
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