Construct · 2 fields · 4 citations

Where does judgment collide?

One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.

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judgment2 CONSTRUCTSFaculty of judgmentPORT-ROYAL · JUDGINGCognitive judgmentTHURSTONE · COMPARISON

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1662Faculty of judgment1927Cognitive judgment
2026

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Philosophy and logic

The mental faculty and act of judging

In philosophy and logic, judgment is the mind's act of affirming or denying, of joining concepts into a claim that can be true or false, and the faculty by which particular cases are brought under general concepts. Arnauld and Nicole's 1662 La logique ou l'art de penser, the Port-Royal Logic, set out judging as one of the basic operations of the mind, alongside conceiving, reasoning, and ordering. Kant's 1790 Critique of the Power of Judgment then made judgment a distinct faculty and drew the influential line between determinant judgment, which applies a rule already given, and reflective judgment, which searches for a rule to fit a particular. The referent is a cognitive faculty and act studied by argument and analysis, not a ruling handed down by a court or an estimate measured in a psychology laboratory.[1][2]

Unit
A single act of judging: one affirmation or denial that a concept applies to a case
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Examined by philosophical argument and logical analysis, not by measurement

Psychology

Forming an estimate or appraisal

In psychology, judgment is the cognitive process of forming an estimate, appraisal, or ranking from the information at hand, often under uncertainty. Thurstone's 1927 A law of comparative judgment gave an early quantitative model of how a person judges stimuli by comparing them, placing each on a common scale from the pattern of choices. Tversky and Kahneman's 1974 Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases then showed that everyday probabilistic judgments lean on a few mental shortcuts that produce systematic and predictable errors. The referent is a measured act of appraisal carried out by an individual mind, not a court's ruling and not the philosopher's general faculty of combining concepts.[3][4]

Unit
One judgment: a person's estimate, rating, or comparative choice about a stimulus
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Elicited as ratings, probability estimates, or paired comparisons and modelled for accuracy and bias against a normative standard

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Nearby collisions

heuristic4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructsrationality4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructsrepresentativeness heuristic4 names · 5 citationsjangle · one heuristic, many errors

References

  1. Arnauld, A., & Nicole, P. (1996). Logic or the art of thinking (J. V. Buroker, Ed. & Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1662)
  2. Kant, I. (2000). Critique of the power of judgment (P. Guyer, Ed.; P. Guyer & E. Matthews, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1790)
  3. Thurstone, L. L. (1927). A law of comparative judgment. Psychological Review, 34(4), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0070288
  4. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124

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