Construct · 3 names · 3 citations
Different names. Different fields. One construct. One map.
● jangle · one construct, many names Nearest construct by meaningburnoutcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to organizational cynicism is burnout.
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In Dean, Brandes, and Dharwadkar's Organizational Cynicism (1998), cynicism is a negative attitude a person holds toward the organization that employs them, built from three parts: a belief that the organization lacks integrity, a negative feeling toward it, and a leaning toward disparaging or critical conduct in line with that belief. The referent is an evaluative attitude aimed at one particular organization, learned from experience with it rather than carried in as a fixed trait. It is not a generalized distrust of human nature, nor the withdrawal that develops inside job burnout, nor pessimism about one specific change. Later scales operationalize the three parts as belief, affect, and behavior items.[1]
Wanous, Reichers, and Austin's Cynicism about Organizational Change (2000) narrows the target to a single object: a specific change program. Their cynicism has two parts, a pessimistic belief that the change will not succeed, and a blaming attribution that the people responsible are unwilling or unable to make it work. It is measured with a short self-report scale about a named change effort, and kept distinct from general resistance and from broad attitudes toward the whole organization. The referent is a belief and attribution about one change, not a standing attitude toward the employer as a whole, nor a burnout reaction, nor a personality trait.[2]
In Maslach and Jackson's The Measurement of Experienced Burnout (1981), one of the three components of job burnout is depersonalization, a detached, callous, and cynical response toward the people one serves and toward the work itself. In later general versions of the inventory this component was relabeled cynicism. Here cynicism is not primarily an appraisal of the organization's integrity but a defensive withdrawal that develops alongside emotional exhaustion, a way of coping with chronic job strain by keeping distance. The referent is a strain reaction measured as a burnout subscale, and it differs from a considered attitude toward the employer, a belief about one change, or a stable personality trait.[3]
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