Construct · 3 fields · 3 citations

Where does plume collide?

One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.

● jingle · one word, three constructs Nearest construct by meaningentrainmentcompare the meanings
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Every construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to plume is entrainment.

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plume3 CONSTRUCTSMantle plumeMORGAN · MANTLE UPWELLINGBuoyant plumeMORTON · BUOYANT COLUMNContaminant plumeMACKAY · CONTAMINANT BODY

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1956Buoyant plume1971Mantle plume1986Contaminant plume
2026

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Geodynamics and geology

a column of hot, buoyant rock rising slowly through the solid mantle and feeding hotspot volcanism far from plate boundaries.

A column of anomalously hot, buoyant rock that rises slowly through the solid mantle from deep within the Earth, spreading beneath the plates and feeding long-lived hotspot volcanism far from plate boundaries. Morgan's 1971 Convection plumes in the lower mantle proposed that fixed, deep plumes rising under a moving plate could generate island and seamount chains such as Hawaii. The referent is a slow, solid-state upwelling of rock inside a planet, creeping upward at centimetres a year, and it is not a turbulent parcel of fluid, a body of polluted water, or a bird's feather.[1]

Unit
A buoyant upwelling of hot mantle rock, its rise reckoned in centimetres per year
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Inferred from hotspot volcanic tracks, seismic tomography of low-velocity zones, and the geochemistry of ocean-island basalts

Fluid dynamics

a column of lighter fluid rising through a surrounding fluid, entraining ambient fluid and widening as it climbs.

A column of fluid that rises through a surrounding fluid because it is lighter, driven by a continuous or momentary source of buoyancy, entraining the ambient fluid and widening as it climbs, as in a thermal, a smoke plume, or a heated jet. Morton, Taylor, and Turner's 1956 Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources set out the entrainment theory that predicts how such a plume spreads and slows with height. The referent is a moving parcel of fluid set going by a density difference, described by its buoyancy flux and entrainment, not a solid upwelling of rock, a contaminated groundwater body, or a display feather.[2]

Unit
A rising column of buoyant fluid, set by its buoyancy flux and rate of entrainment
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Characterised in the laboratory and field by rise height, spreading angle, and centreline velocity, and modelled through entrainment relations

Hydrology and environmental science

an elongated body of polluted water or air spreading downstream from a source, shaped by flow and dispersion.

The elongated body of polluted water or air that spreads downstream from a source, such as the tongue of dissolved contamination that migrates from a leak through an aquifer, its shape set by the flow that carries it and by dispersion along the way. Mackay, Freyberg, Roberts, and Cherry's 1986 A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer tracked such a plume across a sand aquifer and described how it advected and dispersed. The referent is a spreading zone of pollution in a moving medium, mapped by concentration in space and time, and it is neither a buoyant rise, a hot upwelling, nor a feather.[3]

Unit
A spreading body of contamination, mapped by concentration over distance and time
Recovery means
Once the source is removed, natural attenuation through dilution, sorption, and degradation can shrink a plume
Measured by
Delineated by sampling monitoring wells or air monitors and contouring the measured concentrations into a plume map

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Nearby collisions

flux3 fields · 3 citationsjingle · one word, three constructsgradient4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructsdiffusion6 fields · 12 citationsjingle · one name, six constructs

References

  1. Morgan, W. J. (1971). Convection plumes in the lower mantle. Nature, 230(5288), 42–43. https://doi.org/10.1038/230042a0
  2. Morton, B. R., Taylor, G. I., & Turner, J. S. (1956). Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, 234(1196), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1956.0011
  3. Mackay, D. M., Freyberg, D. L., Roberts, P. V., & Cherry, J. A. (1986). A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer: 1. Approach and overview of plume movement. Water Resources Research, 22(13), 2017–2029. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i013p02017

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