Construct · 3 fields · 4 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, three constructs Nearest construct by meaningciphercompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to signature is cipher.
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The signature of a quadratic form is a whole number that stays fixed no matter how the form is rewritten: it is the count of positive squared terms minus the count of negative squared terms once the form is reduced to a sum and difference of squares. Sylvester's 1852 A demonstration of the theorem that every homogeneous quadratic polynomial is reducible by real orthogonal substitutions to the form of a sum of positive and negative squares proved that these counts do not change under a real change of variables (the law of inertia), and the difference between them is the quantity now called the signature. The referent is an algebraic invariant of a form or a manifold, expressed as a single integer, and it has nothing to do with a mark that authenticates a message or a pattern of active genes.[1]
A digital signature is a short value attached to a message that lets anyone check the message came from a particular holder of a secret key and was not altered, without that holder revealing the key. Diffie and Hellman's 1976 New directions in cryptography introduced the idea of a signature produced with a private key and checked with a matching public key, and Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman's 1978 A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems gave the first practical construction. The referent is a piece of data that binds an identity to a message and is verified by computation, not an integer that classifies a quadratic form or a profile of gene activity in a cell.[2][3]
A molecular signature is a set of measured molecular features, most often a pattern of gene activity, that reliably marks a biological state such as a tumour type or a response to treatment. Golub and colleagues' 1999 Molecular Classification of Cancer: Class Discovery and Class Prediction by Gene Expression Monitoring showed that the pattern of activity across many genes could separate one kind of leukaemia from another, establishing the gene-expression profile as a marker of disease class. The referent is a data-derived pattern that identifies a state of a cell or tissue, read from laboratory measurements, and it is unrelated to an authenticating mark on a message or an invariant of an algebraic form.[4]
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