Construct · 4 fields · 6 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
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In the sociology of education, sorting is the work schools do in ranking people and channelling them toward different further study, credentials, and jobs. Sorokin's 1927 Social Mobility described the school as a testing, selecting, and distributing agency that sifts students and assigns them to social positions. Domina, Penner, and Penner's 2017 Categorical Inequality: Schools as Sorting Machines reframed tracks, ability groups, and course placements as the categories through which this allocation now operates. The referent is the assignment of learners to positions by an institution, not the ordering of data records, the movement of households between towns, or the routing of molecules inside a cell.[1][2]
In computing, sorting is the operation of rearranging a collection of records so their keys follow a defined order, together with the study of how much time and memory that takes. Friend's 1956 Sorting on Electronic Computer Systems was among the first systematic treatments of sorting methods for stored-program machines, and Knuth's The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3 made the comparison-based analysis and its lower bounds standard. The referent is an ordering procedure over data and its cost, counted in comparisons and moves, not the ranking of students, the migration of families, or the delivery of proteins to compartments.[3][4]
In local public economics, sorting is the process by which households choose where to live according to the mix of taxes and public services they prefer, so that similar people cluster in similar jurisdictions. Tiebout's 1956 A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures argued that residents reveal their demand for local public goods by moving to the community that matches their tastes, a mechanism later called voting with the feet. The referent is the self-selection of people across places driven by fiscal packages, not the ordering of data, the assignment of students by a school, or the trafficking of proteins within a cell.[5]
In cell biology, sorting is the routing of newly made proteins to their correct locations inside or outside the cell, guided by address tags built into the molecules themselves. Blobel and Dobberstein's 1975 Transfer of proteins across membranes gave experimental support to the idea that a short signal region directs a protein to and across a membrane, work for which Blobel later received the Nobel Prize. The referent is the intracellular delivery of molecules to destinations by molecular signals, not the ordering of records, the ranking of students, or the residential choices of households.[6]
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