Construct · 3 fields · 4 citations

Where does aspiration collide?

One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.

● jingle · one word, three constructs Nearest construct by meaning·not indexed
aspiration3 CONSTRUCTSLevel of aspirationFRANK · GOAL LEVELPulmonary aspirationMENDELSON · LUNGSPhonetic aspirationVOT · STOP RELEASE

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1935Level of aspiration1946Pulmonary aspiration1964Phonetic aspiration
2026

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Psychology

The goal level a person sets for themselves

In psychology, aspiration (the level of aspiration) is the standard of future performance a person sets as their goal on a task, the target they commit to reaching next given how they have just done. Frank's 1935 studies of individual differences in the level of aspiration established how people adjust this target after success and failure. The referent is a self-set performance goal and its dynamics, measured by the gap between a chosen target and prior attainment, with no relation to a puff of air in speech or fluid entering the lungs.[1]

Unit
The performance target a person sets relative to their past attainment
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Measured by the self-set goal on successive trials and its shift after success or failure (the goal-discrepancy score)

Medicine

Foreign material drawn into the airway or lungs

In clinical medicine, aspiration is the entry of material that does not belong (gastric contents, food, secretions) into the larynx and lower airway, which can trigger chemical pneumonitis or infective pneumonia. Mendelson's 1946 account of stomach contents entering the lungs during obstetric anaesthesia named the classic syndrome, and Marik's 2001 review distinguished aspiration pneumonitis from aspiration pneumonia. The referent is the inhalation of foreign material into the airway and its pulmonary consequences, unrelated to a performance goal or a phonetic feature. (The word also names deliberate suction of fluid or tissue in a biopsy, a separate clinical meaning.)[2][3]

Unit
The entry of foreign (often gastric) material into the airway and lungs
Recovery means
Prognosis depends on the volume and nature of aspirate and on airway clearance and treatment of any resulting pneumonitis or pneumonia
Measured by
Identified clinically and radiologically, by witnessed events, airway findings, and chest imaging of affected lung regions

Phonetics

A puff of air after a stop consonant's release

In phonetics, aspiration is the brief puff of air and delay in voicing that follows the release of a voiceless stop (the audible breath in English pin versus its absence in spin) captured by a longer voice onset time. Lisker and Abramson's 1964 cross-language study measured voice onset time and placed aspiration on that continuum across languages. The referent is a measurable articulatory-acoustic property of consonant production, distinct from a self-set goal or inhaled material despite sharing the Latin root for breath.[4]

Unit
The lag (voice onset time) between a stop's release and the start of voicing
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Quantified by voice onset time and the airflow burst following a stop release in acoustic and aerodynamic records

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Nearby collisions

voice5 fields · 6 citationsjingle · one word, five constructsbounded rationality4 names · 5 citationsjangle · limited minds, four programs

References

  1. Frank, J. D. (1935). Individual differences in certain aspects of the level of aspiration. The American Journal of Psychology, 47(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.2307/1416711
  2. Mendelson, C. L. (1946). The aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs during obstetric anesthesia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 52(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(16)39829-5
  3. Marik, P. E. (2001). Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(9), 665–671. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200103013440908
  4. Lisker, L., & Abramson, A. S. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 20(3), 384–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1964.11659830

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