Construct · 1 fields · 4 citations
One name. One construct. A landmark on the map.
● anchor · a standalone construct Nearest construct by meaningfacilitationcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to bystander effect is facilitation.
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Social Psychology
The reduced likelihood of helping when others are presentJohn Darley and Bibb Latané introduced the bystander effect in 1968 (Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility), reporting that a person is less likely to help someone in distress when other people are present than when alone, because the felt responsibility to act is divided among everyone present and each individual assumes another will step in. Latané and Darley developed the account further in their 1970 book The unresponsive bystander, framing helping as a sequence of decisions in which the presence of others can interrupt any step, and a 2011 meta-analysis by Fischer and colleagues, drawing on decades of studies, confirmed the basic pattern while finding it is weaker, and can even reverse, when an emergency is clearly dangerous. The research was prompted by the 1964 killing of Kitty Genovese in New York, though later work by Manning, Levine, and Collins (2007) found that the widely repeated claim that 38 witnesses watched and did nothing was itself substantially inaccurate. As a landmark, the construct is distinctive for measuring helping as a function of group size rather than of individual character, and for locating the cause in the diffusion of responsibility across a group, which is how it explains why more onlookers can mean less help.[1][2][3][4]