Construct · 1 fields · 3 citations

classical conditioning: a standalone construct

One name. One construct. A landmark on the map.

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classicalconditioning1 CONSTRUCTClassical cond.PAVLOV · CS-US PAIRING

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Learning psychology

Learning in which a neutral cue comes to trigger a response after pairing with one that already does

Ivan Pavlov's 1927 lectures Conditioned Reflexes, drawn from his Russian studies of canine digestion, named the process by which a neutral stimulus, such as a bell, comes to elicit a response, such as salivation, after it is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that already produces that response, such as food. Pavlov called the food an unconditioned stimulus, the bell a conditioned stimulus, and the learned reaction to the bell a conditioned reflex. Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner's 1972 model recast this pairing as learning driven by surprise: an animal updates its expectation only to the degree that the unconditioned stimulus is not already predicted, which accounts for why a cue backed by a reliable predictor gains little further association (the blocking effect). Rescorla's 1988 review further argued that what the animal learns is the predictive relation between events, not mere temporal closeness. As a landmark, classical conditioning is the reference case for associative learning across species, and its terms, the unconditioned and conditioned stimulus and response, extinction, and generalisation, supply the shared vocabulary used to study how organisms detect predictive relationships in their environment.[1][2][3]

Unit
A form of associative learning defined by the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Measured by the strength, latency, or frequency of the conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus across controlled pairing and extinction trials

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Nearby constructs

conditioning1 fields · 3 citationsanchor · a standalone constructextinction4 fields · 5 citationsjingle · one word, four constructsreinforcement2 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, two constructs

References

  1. Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex (G. V. Anrep, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
  2. Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory (pp. 64–99). Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  3. Rescorla, R. A. (1988). Pavlovian conditioning: It's not what you think it is. American Psychologist, 43(3), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.43.3.151

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