Construct · 1 fields · 3 citations

endosymbiosis: a standalone construct

One name. One construct. A landmark on the map.

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endosymbiosis1 CONSTRUCTEndosymbiosisMERESCHKOWSKY · MERGER

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Evolutionary Biology

The origin of cell organelles from once free-living bacteria

Constantin Mereschkowsky first proposed in 1905 that the chloroplasts of plant cells had once been free-living cyanobacteria taken up and kept by a host cell, an early statement of what is now called endosymbiosis, the origin of a cell part from a formerly independent organism living inside another. The theory was set out in its modern, evidence-based form by Lynn Sagan, later Lynn Margulis, in 1967, who argued that mitochondria, the compartments that generate a cell's chemical energy, and chloroplasts, the compartments that carry out photosynthesis, both descend from bacteria engulfed by an ancestral host cell that came to depend on them. In its serial form the theory holds that these mergers happened in sequence over evolutionary time and produced the eukaryotic cell, the cell type with a nucleus that makes up plants, animals, fungi, and protists. What makes this account a landmark is that it derives major features of complex cells from the fusion of separate lineages rather than from gradual change within one, and it is now supported by the finding that mitochondria and chloroplasts retain their own small circular genomes and divide on their own inside the cell.[1][2][3]

Unit
An evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic organelles from once free-living microbes
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Supported by organelle genome sequencing and phylogenetics that place mitochondria among the alpha-proteobacteria and chloroplasts among the cyanobacteria

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Nearby constructs

mutualism3 fields · 3 citationsjingle · one word, three constructscarry1 fields · 1 citationsanchor · a standalone construct

References

  1. Mereschkowsky, C. (1905). Über Natur und Ursprung der Chromatophoren im Pflanzenreiche. Biologisches Centralblatt, 25, 593–604.
  2. Sagan, L. (1967). On the origin of mitosing cells. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 14(3), 225–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(67)90079-3
  3. Gray, M. W., Burger, G., & Lang, B. F. (1999). Mitochondrial evolution. Science, 283(5407), 1476–1481. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5407.1476

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