Where does episode collide?

Emil Kraepelin's Manic-Depressive Insanity and Paranoia (1921 translation) grouped recurring attacks of mania and melancholia into a single illness marked by discrete bouts of disturbed mood separated by periods of relative health, which established the idea of the mood disturbance as a bounded, recurring period rather than a fixed state. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., 2013) codified this into the criteria-defined major depressive episode and manic episode, each requiring a set of symptoms present together for a stated minimum duration. Here the referent is a clinical period in one person, dated by onset and remission and defined by symptom criteria, not a part of a plot, a stored memory, or a training run.[1][2]

Unit

One mood episode in a person, dated by onset and remission

Recovery means

Remission ends the episode once the symptom criteria are no longer met for a stated period

Measured by

Diagnosed against DSM symptom and duration criteria through clinical interview and rating scales

Endel Tulving's 1972 chapter Episodic and Semantic Memory drew a line between memory for general facts and episodic memory, the memory for specific events a person has personally experienced, tied to a particular time and place. His later review Episodic Memory: From Mind to Brain (2002) refined it as the system that lets a person mentally re-experience past events, distinct from merely knowing facts about the world. The referent is a kind of remembering, an internal record of what happened when and where, and it is separate from a section of a story, a bounded period of illness, or one trajectory of a learning agent.[3][4]

Unit

One remembered personal event, located in a particular time and place

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Assessed by recall and recognition tests for specific studied events, and by remember versus know judgments