Where does government collide?

In lectures he gave in 1978, first published in English as On governmentality (1979), Michel Foucault used government to mean the directing of conduct: the wide range of techniques and forms of reasoning through which the behaviour of people, whether a whole population, a household, or oneself, is shaped and guided. His Security, Territory, Population lectures, published in 2007, traced how this broad practice of guiding conduct developed alongside the modern state. Here government refers to The activity of directing conduct rather than to a body of ruling institutions, and it is distinct both from the state apparatus meant in political theory and from the relation between words meant in grammar.[1][2]

Unit

An identifiable rationality or technique for directing the conduct of people or of oneself

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Studied by analysing the discourses, procedures, and instruments through which conduct is guided in a given setting

In his 1981 Lectures on Government and Binding, Noam Chomsky gave government a precise grammatical meaning: a structural relation in which a head word, such as a verb or a preposition, determines a grammatical feature, often the case, of a word that depends on it. The idea drew on the older grammatical tradition in which a verb or preposition was said to govern the case of its object, and Chomsky's work made it one of the core relations of the resulting Government and Binding framework. Here government is a formal relation between words in a sentence, defined by structural position, and it has nothing to do with ruling institutions or with the guiding of human conduct that the word denotes elsewhere.[3]

Unit

One head-dependent relation in a sentence in which the head fixes a feature such as case

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Identified by syntactic analysis of structural configurations and tested against grammaticality judgements of case and agreement