Construct · 3 fields · 4 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, three constructs Nearest construct by meaningtracecompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to markedness is trace.
Hold this as a prompt, not a verdict. Two constructs sitting close in meaning is a reason to read them side by side and decide for yourself whether they are one idea under two names. It is not proof that they are. Compare the meanings in the Collider.
Spokes are fields; dashed arcs are shared lineage. Tap a field for its definition, unit, and measures.
Drag to watch the word get claimed. Each field appears at the publication date of the earliest source cited for it. Tap a year to see which.
In phonology, morphology, and typology, markedness is the asymmetry within a linguistic contrast, where one value is the basic, expected, or default option (the unmarked one) and the other is more specific, restricted, or structurally complex (the marked one). Nikolai Trubetzkoy set out the idea for phonological oppositions in his 1939 Grundzüge der Phonologie (Principles of Phonology), and Roman Jakobson extended it across grammar, so that, for example, a plural is marked relative to a singular, or a voiced consonant relative to its voiceless partner. Here markedness is a qualitative structural property of a category, argued for and sometimes disputed on linguistic grounds, and it is not a number computed from a table of predictions the way the machine learning metric of the same name is.[1][2]
In the evaluation of a binary classifier, markedness is a single number that measures how much a prediction is informed by the true outcome, defined as precision plus inverse precision minus one. David Powers introduced it in his 2011 paper Evaluation: From precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation as the dual of informedness (the Youden J statistic), with the Matthews correlation coefficient emerging as the geometric mean of the two. Its value runs from -1 to 1, where zero is chance performance and one is perfect prediction. Here markedness is a precisely defined statistic read off a confusion matrix, and it has nothing to do with the qualitative marked or unmarked asymmetry that linguists give the same name.[3]
In music semiotics, markedness refers to the uneven value given to musical oppositions, such as minor against major, which carries expressive meaning. This meaning comes from Hatten (1994) in Musical meaning in Beethoven.[4]
Next
See how markedness sits against neighbouring constructs in the Collider, or export every reference on this page in one click.
Open in ColliderExport BibTeXReport this collisionCited on this page?
If your work is cited behind one of these entries, you know better than we do whether we captured the meaning right. Confirm it, suggest an edit, or dispute it, and your name goes on the entry as an author who has checked it, linked to your ORCID.
Claim your construct