Construct · 4 fields · 4 citations

Where does survival collide?

One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.

● jingle · one word, four constructs Nearest construct by meaning·not indexed
survival4 CONSTRUCTSSurvival of the fittestDARWIN · 1859Survival analysisKAPLAN & MEIER · 1958Survivorship biasBROWN ET AL. · 1992SurvivalTYLOR · ANTHROPOLOGY OF

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1859Survival of the fittest1871Survival1958Survival analysis1992Survivorship bias
2026

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Evolutionary biology

the differential persistence and reproduction of variants better suited to their environment, the engine of natural selection.

In evolutionary biology, survival refers to an organism persisting long enough to reproduce, and "survival of the fittest" names the differential persistence and reproduction of variants better suited to their environment, the engine of natural selection. Darwin's On the Origin of Species set out the mechanism (the phrase itself, borrowed from Herbert Spencer, entered later editions). The referent is the differential persistence of heritable types in a population, a wholly different idea from a statistical time-to-event curve or the bias of studying only what remains.[1]

Unit
Whether an organism persists to reproduce, relative to competing variants
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Assessed through the relative survival and reproductive success (fitness) of genotypes or phenotypes across generations

Statistics

modelling the time until an event such as death or failure, while properly handling censored cases.

In statistics, survival analysis models the time until an event (death, failure, relapse, churn) through the survival function S(t), the probability that the event has not yet occurred by time t, while properly handling censored cases whose follow-up ends before the event. Kaplan and Meier's 1958 Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations gave the standard estimator of that curve. The referent is a time-to-event distribution, not biological persistence or a sampling bias, even though the word is shared.[2]

Unit
The probability S(t) that the event of interest has not occurred by a given time
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Estimated by the Kaplan–Meier curve and related methods from possibly censored time-to-event data

Research methodology & finance

distortion from analysing only units that lasted, such as funds still trading, while dropping those that failed.

In research methodology, prominently in finance, survivorship bias is the distortion that arises when an analysis includes only the units that lasted to the end (funds still trading, firms still listed, planes that returned) and silently drops those that failed, inflating apparent performance. Brown, Goetzmann, Ibbotson, and Ross's 1992 Survivorship bias in performance studies showed how badly it skews mutual-fund track records. The referent is a selection bias in a sample, not a biological fate or a time-to-event model.[3]

Unit
The error in an estimate caused by excluding units that did not survive to be observed
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Detected and corrected by reconstructing the full original sample, including defunct or delisted units, and comparing estimates

Anthropology of religion

customs and beliefs that persist beyond the conditions that produced them, read as evidence of earlier stages.

In anthropology of religion, survival refers to customs and beliefs that persist beyond the conditions that produced them, read as evidence of earlier stages. This meaning comes from Tylor (1871) in Primitive culture.[4]

Unit
Recovery means
Measured by

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Nearby collisions

hazard rate3 fields · 3 citationsinvariant · one construct, three systemscensoring2 fields · 2 citationsjingle · one word, two constructschurn4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructs

References

  1. Darwin, C. (2008). On the origin of species by means of natural selection. Penguin Classics. (Original work published 1859) ISBN 9780140439120
  2. Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452
  3. Brown, S. J., Goetzmann, W., Ibbotson, R. G., & Ross, S. A. (1992). Survivorship bias in performance studies. The Review of Financial Studies, 5(4), 553–580. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/5.4.553
  4. Tylor, E. B. (1871). Primitive culture. John Murray. ISBN 9780665495939

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