Construct · 3 fields · 4 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, three constructs Nearest construct by meaningfracturecompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to toughness is fracture.
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Fracture toughness is a material's resistance to the propagation of a crack: the energy it can absorb, or the stress concentration it can withstand at the tip of an existing crack, before the crack runs and the material breaks. It is kept distinct from strength (the stress a material bears before it yields), stiffness (its resistance to elastic bending), and hardness (its resistance to local indentation), and it is commonly quantified by the critical stress intensity factor at which a crack begins to advance. Griffith's 1921 The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids framed fracture as a balance between stored elastic energy and the energy needed to create new crack surface, and Ritchie's 2011 The conflicts between strength and toughness explained why making a material stronger and making it tougher often pull in opposite directions. The referent is a mechanical property of an inanimate solid measured in a testing machine, not a person's composure under pressure or the chewiness of a cut of meat.[1][2]
Mental toughness is a set of psychological resources that let a person perform well and stay effective under stress, pressure, and adversity: qualities such as resilience, self-belief, focus, and a feeling of being in control. Jones, Hanton, and Connaughton's 2002 What is this thing called mental toughness? interviewed elite athletes and defined it as the edge that lets a performer cope better than rivals with the demands of competition and stay determined, focused, and composed when it matters most. The referent is an attribute of a person's mind and behaviour, assessed through interviews and questionnaires and thought to be trainable, not the crack resistance of a solid or the resistance a food offers to being chewed.[3]
Toughness in food, especially meat, is a textural attribute: the resistance the food offers to being cut and chewed, felt as the effort and the number of chews needed to break it down before it can be swallowed. In meat it arises largely from the amount and cross-linking of connective tissue and from the structure and state of the muscle fibres. Purslow's 2005 Intramuscular connective tissue and its role in meat quality reviewed how the collagen framework surrounding the muscle fibres governs how tough or tender cooked meat turns out to be. The referent is a sensory and mechanical property of a food eaten by a person, gauged by taste panels and shear tests, not the fracture resistance of an engineering solid or a competitor's psychological hardiness.[4]
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