Construct · 4 fields · 7 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, four constructs Nearest construct by meaningcurrentcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to resistance is current.
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In physics and electrical engineering, resistance is a conductor's opposition to the flow of electric charge, defined by Ohm's law as the ratio of the voltage across an element to the current through it, R = V/I. Georg Ohm set out the relation in Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (1827), and the quantity is measured in ohms. The referent is a physical property of a material or component, fixed by its geometry and composition, not a behaviour of any living thing. It shares only the bare idea of opposition with the other meanings: here what opposes is a conductor and what it opposes is current.[1][2]
In microbiology and medicine, antimicrobial resistance is the evolved capacity of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites to survive concentrations of a drug that once killed them or checked their growth. Davies and Davies (2010) trace its origins to selection acting on genes that long predate the clinical use of antibiotics, and the World Health Organization (2014) documents its spread as a threat to routine treatment. The referent is a population of microbes under drug pressure, and the property belongs to organisms adapting across generations, not to any inert material. Unlike electrical resistance it is not a fixed ratio but a heritable trait that shifts under natural selection.[3][4]
In psychoanalysis, resistance (German Widerstand) is a patient's opposition, usually unconscious, to bringing repressed material into awareness during treatment. Freud (1914) described it as the force that appears whenever analysis approaches painful memories, showing up as silence, forgetting, lateness, or argument rather than as any deliberate refusal. The referent is a person's inner defence against insight, observed in the clinic, and it names a process inside one mind, not a property of matter or a population. It carries the word opposition into a place the other meanings cannot reach: an unconscious mind protecting itself.[5]
In politics and sociology, a resistance movement is organized opposition by a population to an occupying force or a governing authority held to be illegitimate, ranging from armed insurgency to nonviolent noncooperation. Hollander and Einwohner (2004) argue that the concept turns on action and opposition, while who counts as resisting, and whether recognition is required, stay contested; Scott (1985) widens it to the quiet, everyday foot-dragging of the relatively powerless. The referent is a collective acting against domination, a group rather than a material or a single mind. It shares only opposition with the other meanings: here the thing opposed is political power and the actor is a public.[6][7]
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