Construct · 5 fields · 9 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one name, five constructs Nearest construct by meaninghabituscompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to habit is habitus.
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The extent to which people tend to perform behaviours automatically because of learning, Limayem, Hirt, and Cheung's 2007 definition, applied to continued use of a system a person has already adopted. They gave habit three antecedents (frequency of prior use, satisfaction, and comprehensiveness of use) and one job: to weaken the link between intention and use, so that habitual users act without consulting their intentions. Venkatesh, Thong, and Xu put it into UTAUT2 in 2012 with four items on habit, addiction, compulsion, and naturalness, letting it predict intention and bypass it to predict use. The construct is self-reported and the automaticity is asserted, not observed.[1][2]
A behaviour that has become automatic through repetition in a stable context, so that the context cues the response without a decision, Ouellette and Wood's 1998 account, backed by a meta-analysis showing that past behaviour predicts future behaviour directly when the behaviour is frequent and the context stable, and through intention when it is not. Verplanken and Orbell's 2003 Self-Report Habit Index measured habit as a construct rather than a frequency count: twelve items on repetition, lack of awareness, lack of control, efficiency, and identity. The index was built to show that habit is more than how often you did it, and its critics answer that a self-report of automaticity is still a report.[3][4]
A stimulus–response association that keeps running after the outcome it once earned has been devalued, the operational definition from animal learning, which Yin and Knowlton in 2006 tied to the dorsolateral striatum, with goal-directed action depending instead on the dorsomedial striatum and prefrontal cortex. Graybiel's 2008 review described habits as chunked action sequences whose neural representation shifts from evaluative to automatic circuits with training. The criterion is behavioural and experimental: an animal that keeps pressing the lever after the food has been paired with illness is acting from habit. Nobody asks the animal.[5][6]
A good is habit-forming when past consumption raises the marginal utility of present consumption, Becker and Murphy's 1988 formalization, in which a stock of consumption capital accumulates and a forward-looking consumer with stable preferences chooses to build it. Addiction is the strong case: adjacent complementarity so large that small changes in price or expectations produce large swings in use. The model is explicit that the habituated consumer is maximizing and knows what they are doing. Habit here is a property of the utility function, estimated from consumption dynamics, and it entails no automaticity at all.[7]
A settled state of character acquired by practice, Aristotle's hexis, the genus under which the virtues fall: we become just by doing just acts, and the disposition, once formed, makes the right act easy and pleasant. Dewey's 1922 Human Nature and Conduct made habit the basic unit of conduct and insisted it is not repetition but an acquired predisposition to ways of response, active and projective, capable of intelligence. On both accounts habit is the material of character, not a lapse from it; the automaticity the neuroscientist measures would be, for Dewey, a habit that has gone routine.[8][9]
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