Construct · 4 fields · 6 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, four constructs Nearest construct by meaningaccommodationcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to schema is accommodation.
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An organized structure of prior knowledge that guides how a person perceives, interprets, and remembers new material. Frederic Bartlett introduced the term into psychology in Remembering (1932), arguing that recall is not a faithful replay but a reconstruction shaped by the rememberer's existing schemata: his participants retelling the folk tale The War of the Ghosts quietly dropped and reshaped details to fit familiar expectations. The referent is a knowledge structure inside one mind, and the unit is a single act of remembering. Brewer and Treyens later showed the same pull for a place, where people confidently recalled books in an academic office that were never there because the office schema supplied them. This meaning is about how memory is biased by what is already known, not about a formal specification and not about a clinical pattern.[1][2]
A structured pattern of action or thought that a child uses to organize experience and that changes as the child grows. In Jean Piaget's account, set out in The Origins of Intelligence in Children (1936/1952), a scheme develops through two complementary processes: assimilation, fitting a new event into an existing scheme, and accommodation, revising the scheme when the fit fails. The referent is a developing cognitive structure, and the unit is the scheme as it is exercised and revised across a child's growth. Where Bartlett's schema explains how an adult's stored knowledge distorts a single act of recall, Piaget's scheme is treated as a building block of intelligence itself, defined by how it adapts rather than by how it biases memory. Piaget's word is rendered in English as both scheme and schema.[3]
The formal definition of a database's structure: the tables (relations), their columns (attributes), the types those columns hold, and the constraints and relationships among them. E. F. Codd's A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks (1970) put this structure on a mathematical footing, describing data as relations over domains so that a schema could be stated and queried independently of how the bytes are stored. The referent is a formal specification, not a mental structure and not a symptom: it is a written contract that a database engine enforces. The same word names XML Schema and JSON Schema, where it again describes permitted structure. A database schema does not guide perception and does not develop over childhood; it is a definition, and either the data conforms to it or it does not.[4]
A pervasive, self-defeating pattern of memories, emotions, thoughts, and bodily sensations about oneself and one's relationships, formed early in life and elaborated across it. In the schema therapy that Jeffrey Young, Janet Klosko, and Marjorie Weishaar set out in Schema Therapy: A Practitioner's Guide (2003), an early maladaptive schema such as abandonment, defectiveness, or mistrust is a lasting theme that organizes a person's experience and drives distress when it is triggered. The referent is an entrenched emotional and cognitive pattern in an individual, and the unit is the schema as a clinical target for change. This is neither Bartlett's memory-shaping knowledge structure nor Codd's table definition: it is a wound-like theme a clinician works to heal, and it is measured by instruments built for that purpose.[5]
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