Construct · 3 fields · 5 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one phrase, three constructs Nearest construct by meaningbondcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to social bond is bond.
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In Travis Hirschi's control theory, the social bond is a person's tie to conventional society, and it is what keeps them from breaking the law. In Causes of Delinquency (1969) Hirschi built the bond from four elements: attachment to other people, commitment to conventional goals, involvement in ordinary activities, and belief in a shared moral order. The theory turns the usual question around, asking not why people offend but why most people do not, and its answer is that a strong bond restrains them. When the bond weakens, delinquency becomes possible, so the construct is studied mainly for what its absence permits. Later, with Gottfredson, Hirschi moved away from the bond toward self-control as the core cause of crime, which is a different construct measured a different way. The referent here is one person's relationship to family, school, and norms, assessed by survey.[1][2]
In sociology, the social bond is the tie that binds individuals into a group or a whole society, the thing that makes a collection of people into a community. This is the Durkheimian idea of solidarity: in The Division of Labor in Society (1893) Durkheim asked what holds modern societies together once shared belief and sameness give way to a division of labour. Here the bond is a property of a group, not of one person, so its natural unit is a society's degree of integration rather than an individual's tie. Berkman and colleagues later carried the idea into public health, operationalising social integration as an individual's network ties and group memberships and linking it to survival. The referent shifts with the level of analysis, from the cohesion of a whole society to a single person's place within it. It overlaps with cohesion and social capital, which are treated on their own pages.[3][4]
In behavioural biology, the social bond usually means a pair bond, the selective and enduring attachment an animal forms with a particular mate or partner. Young and Wang's 2004 review, The Neurobiology of Pair Bonding, described how this bond forms in monogamous species such as the prairie vole and how the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, acting in the brain's reward circuits, help establish and maintain it. Here the bond is a measurable behavioural and neural state, shown by an animal's preference for its partner over a stranger. This is a different referent again from the human meanings, since it is not a survey response or a societal tie but a described biological attachment. Placing it beside the chemical and financial meanings on the bond page shows how far one word can stretch. The mechanism is concrete, and the unit is one animal's selective attachment to its mate.[5]
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