Where does constitution collide?

In political science and law, a constitution is the fundamental body of principles and rules that establishes a government, distributes and limits its powers, and sets out the basic rights it must respect. It may be a single written document, as most modern states have, or an accumulation of statutes, court rulings, and conventions, as in the United Kingdom. Sartori's 1962 Constitutionalism: A Preliminary Discussion traced how the word narrowed from any state's basic arrangement to the modern idea of a charter that guarantees a limited and accountable government. The referent is a framework for public authority over a whole political community, not the way atoms are joined inside a molecule or the physical makeup of a single human body.[1]

Unit

One polity's foundational framework of rules, rights, and powers

Recovery means

Not applicable

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Studied by reading and comparing the text, amendments, case law, and practice that give a constitution force

In chemistry, the constitution of a molecule is the identity and connectivity of its atoms: which atoms are present and, crucially, which are bonded to which, together with the bond multiplicities, set apart from how those atoms are arranged in space. The 1994 IUPAC Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry, compiled by Muller, defines constitution in just this way and uses it to distinguish constitutional isomers, molecules that share the same formula but join their atoms in a different order. Two compounds with identical constitution have the same bonding skeleton even if they twist differently in space. The referent is the bonding pattern inside a single molecule, not a charter that governs a state or the overall makeup of a person's body.[2]

Unit

One molecule's pattern of atoms and the bonds that join them

Recovery means

Not applicable

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Determined by structure elucidation, for example NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray methods that reveal which atoms are bonded to which

In medicine, a person's constitution is the overall physical makeup of the body: its build, strength, resilience, and inherited tendency toward health or particular diseases. The idea has a long history in humoral and clinical thought, and Draper's 1924 Human Constitution argued that a patient's whole bodily and temperamental type shaped which illnesses they were prone to and how they would respond. Modern usage survives in phrases like a strong or weak constitution and in the constitutional factors and symptoms that affect the body as a whole. The referent is the enduring physical character of one living body, not the rules that organise a government or the way atoms are bonded in a molecule.[3]

Unit

One person's enduring bodily build, vigour, and disease tendency

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Assessed historically by physique typing and clinical judgement, and today by proxies such as body composition, fitness, and constitutional risk factors