Where does intrusion collide?

A body of molten rock, or magma, that pushes into pre-existing rock below the surface and then cools and hardens in place. James Hutton's 1788 Theory of the Earth argued that granite and similar rocks had once been molten and had been driven up into older layers, establishing the idea of rock that intrudes rather than settling as sediment. Norman Bowen's 1928 The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks later traced how such magma crystallises into the minerals that make up these bodies. The referent is a physical mass of cooled magma inside the crust, mapped by its shape and its contacts with the surrounding rock, and it has nothing to do with a legal wrong against privacy or a memory that returns uninvited.[1][2]

Unit

One intrusive body, described by its size, shape, and mineral makeup

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Mapped in the field by its contacts with host rock, dated by radiometric methods, and characterised by chemical and mineral analysis

An invasion of another person's private space or affairs, such as spying, wiretapping, or entering a home uninvited, treated as a civil wrong the affected person can sue over. Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis's 1890 article The Right to Privacy first argued that the law should protect a person's right to be let alone. William Prosser's 1960 article Privacy sorted that protection into four distinct wrongs and named this one intrusion upon seclusion. The referent is a category of legal liability defined by conduct and harm, and it is unrelated to molten rock in the crust or a recollection that arrives without being called.[3][4]

Unit

One alleged act of intrusion, judged as a claim between parties

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Established in court by showing a private matter and an intrusion a reasonable person would find highly offensive

A memory that enters awareness without being deliberately called up, often vivid and difficult to set aside, and studied as a feature of stress reactions. Mardi Horowitz, Nancy Wilner, and William Alvarez's 1979 Impact of Event Scale measured such recollections as one of two main responses to a distressing event, alongside efforts to avoid reminders. Anke Ehlers and David Clark's 2000 cognitive model of post-traumatic stress disorder later described why these memories keep returning and feel present rather than past. The referent is a mental event in an individual's memory, assessed by self-report, and it bears no relation to a mass of cooled magma or a legal claim over privacy.[5][6]

Unit

One intrusive recollection, as reported by the person experiencing it

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Assessed by self-report scales such as the Impact of Event Scale that record the frequency and distress of such recollections