Where does promotion collide?

In cancer biology, promotion is the second stage of the classical initiation–promotion model of carcinogenesis: after a mutation has “initiated” a cell, repeated exposure to a non-mutagenic promoting agent drives the clonal expansion that turns that latent damage into a visible tumour. Berenblum and Shubik's 1947 quantitative mouse-skin experiments separated this promoting step from initiation and showed it was reversible and dose-dependent in a way initiation was not. The referent is a stage of tumour development defined by proliferation of already-initiated cells, measured in the lab, and it is a wholly different construct from a chess pawn's transformation or a retailer's discount campaign.[1]

Unit

The degree to which a promoting agent expands an initiated cell population into tumours

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Quantified by tumour yield and latency in initiated tissue exposed to a promoter versus initiation alone

In marketing, promotion is the element of the marketing mix concerned with communicating an offering to its market and persuading people to buy: advertising, personal selling, public relations, and the short-term incentives (coupons, discounts, displays) that bear the narrower name “sales promotion.” Kotler and Keller's Marketing management treats it as one of the classic four Ps and distinguishes long-run brand-building communication from promotions designed to lift sales in the near term. The referent is a managed set of persuasive communications and incentives aimed at demand, and it shares only a word with a pawn's rule-bound transformation or a tumour's growth stage.[2]

Unit

The effect of persuasive communication and incentives on buyer awareness and sales

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Tracked by reach, response, and incremental sales attributable to a promotional activity