Where does robbing collide?

In pollination ecology, nectar robbing is a form of floral larceny in which an animal removes nectar from a flower without contacting the anthers or stigma in the way the flower's structure rewards, typically by biting a hole through the base of the corolla. Inouye's The terminology of floral larceny formalised the vocabulary, separating primary robbers that make the hole, secondary robbers that reuse it, and thieves that take nectar through the opening without damaging the flower. The referent is an exploitative plant-animal interaction defined by whether the visitor provides the pollination service it is effectively paid for, measured by robbing rates and effects on plant reproduction, unrelated to a hive being plundered or a criminal robbery.[1]

Unit

The rate at which flowers are drained of nectar without pollinating

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Quantified by frequency of robbed flowers, robber identity, and downstream effects on seed set

In criminal law, robbery is the taking of property from a person or their immediate presence against their will by force or by putting them in fear: theft aggravated by violence or its threat. Black's Law Dictionary defines it along these lines, separating it from larceny, which lacks the confrontation and force, and from burglary, which turns on unlawful entry. The referent is a legal category of offence with defined elements a prosecution must prove, counted in crime statistics and charged against an accused, and it collides only in the word with bees raiding a hive or a flower being drained of nectar.[3][2]

Unit

An offence meeting the legal elements of forcible taking

Recovery means

Not applicable

Measured by

Established by proof of the statutory elements in court; tracked as reported robbery rates in crime statistics