Construct · 2 fields · 3 citations

Where does stigma collide?

One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.

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stigma2 CONSTRUCTSSocial stigmaGOFFMAN · SPOILED IDENTITYMedical stigmaFORREST · PHYSICAL SIGN

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1963Social stigma1974Medical stigma
2026

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Sociology and social psychology

A deeply discrediting attribute

A stigma is an attribute that is deeply discrediting, one that marks its bearer in the eyes of others as flawed and reduces that person, in social life, from a whole and ordinary human being to a tainted and discounted one. Goffman's 1963 Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity traced how such marks, whether of the body, of character, or of group membership, spoil a social identity and shape how the marked person and others manage the encounter, and Link and Phelan's 2001 review recast the idea as the joint working of labelling, stereotyping, separation, status loss, and discrimination under conditions of power. The referent here is a social relationship of devaluation, held between people and groups, not a part of a flower or a physical mark read off a patient's body.[1][2]

Unit
One devalued attribute as it plays out in the relationship between its bearer and others
Recovery means
Can be reduced through destigmatisation and contact, though it often persists
Measured by
Assessed with self-report and public-attitude scales of perceived, enacted, internalised, and anticipated stigma

Medicine

A visible physical sign of disease

In medicine a stigma is a visible physical mark or sign that is characteristic of a particular disease, condition, or past event, a feature a clinician reads off the body as evidence of what is wrong. The word stays close to its Greek origin, a mark pricked or branded onto the skin. Forrest, Finlayson, and Shearman's 1974 Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding gave one influential instance, the endoscopic stigmata of recent haemorrhage seen on a bleeding ulcer that predict the risk of further bleeding, and the same word names the religious stigmata, wounds resembling those of the crucifixion. The referent is a diagnostic sign located on the body, not a plant organ or a social relationship of devaluation.[3]

Unit
One physical mark on the body taken as a sign of a disease or event
Recovery means
Not applicable
Measured by
Identified at physical examination or endoscopy and graded by schemes such as Forrest's stigmata of recent haemorrhage

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Nearby collisions

labeling3 fields · 5 citationsjingle · one word, three constructssign4 fields · 4 citationsjingle · one word, four constructsdeviance3 fields · 3 citationsjingle · one word, three constructs

References

  1. Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Prentice-Hall.
  2. Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
  3. Forrest, J. A. H., Finlayson, N. D. C., & Shearman, D. J. C. (1974). Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. The Lancet, 304(7877), 394–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91770-x

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