Construct · 3 fields · 3 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, three constructs Nearest construct by meaningdiversificationcompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to portfolio is diversification.
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In finance a portfolio is the combination of assets a single investor holds at once, chosen so that the risk and expected return of the whole are traded off against each other rather than judged one asset at a time. Markowitz's 1952 paper Portfolio Selection showed that because assets do not move in lockstep, spreading a fixed amount of money across imperfectly correlated holdings can lower the variance of the whole for a given expected return, which turned investing into a problem of choosing the best mix. The referent is a weighted basket of financial holdings scored by its mean and variance, not a chart of business units, a folder of student work, or a diversity of wild populations.[1]
In corporate strategy a portfolio is the full set of products or business units a company runs at the same time, viewed together so that money can be shifted between them. The Boston Consulting Group's growth-share matrix, set out in Hedley's 1977 account Strategy and the "business portfolio" and built on Bruce Henderson's earlier product-portfolio idea, places each unit by the growth of its market and its share relative to rivals, sorting them into cash generators and cash users so a firm can balance the mix. The referent is a managed collection of business units judged by market position and cash flow, not a basket of tradable assets, a learner's coursework, or an artist's samples.[2]
In education a portfolio is a purposeful, curated collection of a learner's own work, gathered over time to show effort, progress, and achievement rather than a single test score. Paulson, Paulson, and Meyer's 1991 article What makes a portfolio a portfolio? argued that what makes such a collection a portfolio is the student's part in choosing the contents and reflecting on them against shared criteria, which is why it can serve as an assessment record. The referent is a documented body of one learner's work read for evidence of learning, not a basket of assets, a set of business units, or a professional's showcase assembled to win work.[3]
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