Construct · 3 fields · 3 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
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A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, that resists a change in pH when a small amount of strong acid or base is added. The behaviour is summarised by the Henderson-Hasselbalch relation, pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), whose history and limits Po and Senozan reviewed in 2001. The referent is a physical solution and the unit is a hydrogen-ion concentration held near constant. It differs from every other meaning in this map because what is stabilised is a chemical quantity, pH, and the mechanism is a shifting acid-base equilibrium, not a store of data, a strip of land, or a person under stress.[1]
A weak or neutral state, or a strip of territory, that lies between two rival powers and is kept clear so their forces do not meet directly. Partem modelled this buffer system in 1983 as a recurring arrangement in which a small state survives partly because each great power prefers it to a shared border with the other. The referent is a place on a map and the unit is the political and military distance held open between rivals. It carries the idea of separation but none of the chemistry or the memory: the thing kept apart is armies, and the mechanism is the balance of power, not an equilibrium or a store.[2]
A factor, most often social support, that weakens the link between a stressor and its harm, so that people who hold the resource suffer less when stress is high. Cohen and Wills set out this stress-buffering hypothesis in 1985 and separated it from a direct main effect of support, which would help regardless of the level of stress. The referent is a statistical moderator, an interaction term, and the unit is the reduced slope of stress on wellbeing. Unlike the chemistry buffer it does not hold a quantity constant but changes how strongly one variable acts on another; unlike the buffer state it separates nothing in space.[3]
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