Construct · 3 fields · 5 citations
One name. Different field. Different construct. One map.
● jingle · one word, three constructs Nearest construct by meaningresponsecompare the meaningsEvery construct on the map is compared with every other by the meaning of its definitions, and the closest one is surfaced here. The nearest construct to immunity is response.
Hold this as a prompt, not a verdict. Two constructs sitting close in meaning is a reason to read them side by side and decide for yourself whether they are one idea under two names. It is not proof that they are. Compare the meanings in the Collider.
Spokes are fields; dashed arcs are shared lineage. Tap a field for its definition, unit, and measures.
Drag to watch the word get claimed. Each field appears at the publication date of the earliest source cited for it. Tap a year to see which.
The body's protection against infection, carried by two systems that Medzhitov and Janeway set side by side in their 2000 account Innate Immunity: an innate arm that recognises conserved microbial patterns within minutes and responds the same way each time, and an adaptive arm that learns a specific pathogen over days and remembers it. The referent is a single organism defending itself, and the unit is the cell and molecule, so a claim about immunity here is a claim about a physiological mechanism that can be assayed in one host. It shares only the metaphor of protection with the other meanings; nothing about antibodies transfers to a population, a court, or an argument.[1]
A property not of any body but of a population: the resistance a group shows to the spread of an agent because a sufficient fraction of it is already immune. Fine's 1993 review Herd Immunity: History, Theory, Practice traces the idea to a threshold, the level of immune individuals above which each case produces fewer than one further case and an epidemic cannot sustain itself. Anderson and May had earlier tied that level to the basic reproduction number, giving the critical proportion as one minus its reciprocal. The referent is the group and the unit is the fraction immune, so herd immunity can hold while many individuals remain fully susceptible, which is exactly what separates it from the immunological meaning.[2][3]
A shield the law grants a person or body against being sued or prosecuted, having nothing to do with resisting anything and everything to do with who may be held to answer. In Harlow v. Fitzgerald (1982) the Supreme Court recast qualified immunity for government officials as an objective test: officials are protected unless their conduct violated clearly established rights a reasonable person would have known, so a suit can be dismissed before trial regardless of the official's actual intent. Baude's 2018 argument that the doctrine lacks a legal foundation shows how contested the construct is. The referent is a legal relation between a defendant and a claim, and the unit is the availability of the action itself, which no assay or coverage rate could measure.[4][5]
Next
See how immunity sits against neighbouring constructs in the Collider, or export every reference on this page in one click.
Open in ColliderExport BibTeXReport this collisionCited on this page?
If your work is cited behind one of these entries, you know better than we do whether we captured the meaning right. Confirm it, suggest an edit, or dispute it, and your name goes on the entry as an author who has checked it, linked to your ORCID.
Claim your construct